2021年12月四级翻译真题及答案简析——坎儿井（找大学版）

　　原文

　　坎儿井(Karez)是新疆干旱地区的一种水利系统，由地下渠道将水井连接而成。该系统将春夏季节渗入(seep into)地下的大量雨水及积雪融水收集起来，通过山体的自然坡度引到地面，用于灌溉农田和满足人们的日常用水需求。坎儿井減少了水在地面的蒸发(evaporation)，对地表破坏很小，因而有效地保护了自然资源与生态环境。坎儿井体现了我国人民与自然和谐共存的智慧，是对人类文明的一大贡献。

　　参考译文

　　Karez is a water conservancy system in the arid area of Xinjiang, in which wells are connected by underground channels. The system collects vast amounts of rainwater and melted snow water that seep into the ground in spring and summer, and draws the water to the ground through the natural slope of the mountain to irrigate farmland and meet people's daily needs. Karez reduces the evaporation of water on the ground and does little damage to the ground, effectively protecting the natural resources and ecological environment. Karez embodies the wisdom of the harmonious coexistence between people and nature, which is a great contribution to human civilization.

　　简析

　　句1：坎儿井( Karez)是新疆干旱地区的一种水利系统，由地下渠道将水井连接而成。

　　解析：坎儿井( Karez)是新疆干旱地区的一种水利系统 = 主干(坎儿井( Karez)是一种水利系统+定语(新疆干旱地区的);主干为主系表结构，定语可用介词短语进行翻译;“由地下渠道将水井连接而成”进一步补充说明这一水利系统，因此可将其处理为定从。

　　译文：Karez is a water conservancy system in the arid area of Xinjiang, in which wells are connected by underground channels.

　　句2：该系统将春夏季节渗入( seep into)地下的大量雨水及积雪融水收集起来，通过山体的自然坡度引到地面，用于灌溉农田和满足人们的日常用水需求。

　　解析：本句较长，但是句子成分相对明确;主干：该系统将雨水及积雪融水收集起来，引到地面;状语：用于灌溉农田和满足人们的日常用水需求+通过山体的自然坡度;定语：春夏季节渗入( seep into)地下的+大量;状语定语都是四级常考形式，课上讲解技巧完全可以解决。

　　译文：The system collects vast amounts of rainwater and melted snow water that seep into the ground in spring and summer, and draws the water to the ground through the natural slope of the mountain to irrigate farmland and meet people's daily needs.

　　句3：坎儿井減少了水在地面的蒸发( evaporation)，对地表破坏很小，因而有效地保护了自然资源与生态环境。

　　解析：本句结构清晰，典型的主谓宾结构;“因而”可以直接处理为结果状语或者直接用伴随状语进行翻译。

　　译文：Karez reduces the evaporation of water on the ground and does little damage to the ground, effectively protecting the natural resources and ecological environment.

　　句4：坎儿井体现了我国人民与自然和谐共存的智慧，是对人类文明的一大贡献。

　　解析：本句结构清晰，主干可以直接用and并列两个谓语动词或用多动句的处理方法进行翻译;“我国人民与自然和谐共存的”这一定语可直接用介词短语进行翻译。

　　译文：Karez embodies the wisdom of the harmonious coexistence between people and nature, which is a great contribution to human civilization.